Magic provides an ecologically valid arena for studying IB both in well-controlled laboratory conditions ( Kuhn et al., 2008b) and in conditions with more natural performance and viewing ( Kuhn and Tatler, 2005). Thus far, the most fruitful collaborative effort between these disparate groups has been in the study of attention and inattentional blindness (IB), the tendency for people to miss salient pieces of the environment when engaged in an attention-demanding task ( Kuhn and Martinez, 2012). The knowledge accrued through this informal experimentation can guide formal scientific theories ( Raz and Zigman, 2009) as well as translate into fresh methodologies for studying phenomena in the lab ( Hergovich et al., 2011). There is an increasing awareness that magicians are informal cognitive scientists who continually test hypotheses outside of the sterile confines of the laboratory. In recent years, the dynamic has shifted such that scientists are becoming interested in the techniques employed by magicians ( Kuhn et al., 2008a Macknik et al., 2008 Macknik and Martinez-Conde, 2010). This was the case with Robert-Houdin's (1859) early use of electromagnetism to change the weight of a small box at the magician's will 1.
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Historically, magicians and scientists have always engaged in a discourse, typically leading to magicians applying the newest technological innovations for use in deceiving the masses. Taken together, the findings are consistent with perceptual load theory ( Lavie and Tsal, 1994). The results also showed that when participants watched several “practice” videos without any moving coin, they became far more likely to detect the coin in the critical trial. Unlike prior research, eye-movements during the critical event showed different patterns for participants, depending upon whether they saw the moving coin. Nevertheless, we observed high rates of IB.
#ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CIGARETTE TRICKS FULL#
Appropriately deployed attention would allow participants to detect the “secret” event that underlies the illusion (a moving coin), as it happens in full view and is visible for approximately 550 ms. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants watched videos of a new magic trick, wherein a coin placed beneath a napkin disappears, reappearing under a different napkin. Even if the critical action takes place in full view, people typically fail to see it due to inattentional blindness (IB).
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In particular, many stage illusions involve attentional misdirection, guiding the observer's gaze to a salient object or event, while another critical action, such as sleight of hand, is taking place. Recent studies (e.g., Kuhn and Tatler, 2005) have suggested that magic tricks can provide a powerful and compelling domain for the study of attention and perception.